大脑中的先天免疫记忆塑造了神经疾病的特征
Ann-Christin Wendeln1,2,3, Karoline Degenhardt1,2,3, Lalit Kaurani4,5
1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
Nature
|April 13, 2018
概括
这种内在的免疫记忆,被称为免疫训练和耐受性, 可以重新编程称为微质的脑细胞. 大脑中的免疫记忆会影响诸如阿尔茨海默氏症和中风等神经疾病.
科学领域:
- 神经免疫学
- 表观遗传学
- 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 天生的免疫记忆涉及髓状细胞的可塑性,导致表观遗传变化,增强 (训练) 或抑制 (耐受性) 炎症.
- 在组织内存储的巨细胞,特别是脑内存储的微质细胞中,免疫记忆的存在和病理影响在体内基本上尚未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 调查外围炎症刺激是否会诱导大脑中的巨细胞 (微细胞) 的免疫记忆.
- 确定这种诱导的免疫记忆是否会在表观遗传上重编程小质并影响体内神经病理.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠模型中通过外周炎性刺激诱导免疫训练和耐受性.
- 对大脑内微质细胞的表观遗传重编程的分析.
- 在老鼠阿尔茨海默病和中风模型中评估神经病理变化.
主要成果:
- 周围应用的炎症刺激诱导了大脑的急性免疫训练和耐受性,持续至少六个月.
- 在免疫刺激后观察到微质的差异性表观遗传重编程.
- 在阿尔茨海默病模型中,免疫训练加剧了大脑β-粉样性,而免疫耐受性则减轻了它.
- 在小鼠中风模型中,外周免疫刺激改变了病理特征.
结论:
- 免疫记忆,包括训练和耐受性,是在外围炎症刺激后在大脑内存的微质中建立起来的.
- 这种脑免疫记忆显著改变神经病理,影响阿尔茨海默病和中风等疾病.
- 微细胞的表观遗传重新编程是观察到的免疫记忆及其在大脑中的病理后果的基础.
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