通过对异国资源的适应性进化反应创造的致命陷
Michael C Singer1,2, Camille Parmesan3,4,5
1Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK. michael.singer@plymouth.ac.uk.
Nature
|May 11, 2018
概括
当地蝶因依赖入侵植物而进化,当人类土地管理发生变化时导致灭绝. 这种生态进化陷凸显了引入物种和人类带来的生态变化的风险.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 进化生物学
- 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 人类引入的生物可以为本地物种创造新的资源,有时会带来不良后果.
- 曾经有本地昆虫被有毒的外来植物困住,
- 这项研究研究了一种新的"生态进化陷",
研究的目的:
- 记录和分析一种涉及蝶Euphydryas editha和入侵植物Plantago lanceolata的新生态进化陷.
- 如何依赖外来资源,受人类土地管理的影响,导致人口崩.
- 了解人类活动在塑造进化轨迹和生态结果中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对Euphydryas editha种群及其宿主植物进行长期生态监测.
- 对蝶与植物的相互作用和土地管理实践的历史数据的分析.
- 对蝶行为,幼虫存活率和对宿主植物转移的反应进行观察研究.
主要成果:
- 欧菲德里亚斯艾迪塔种群对入侵性植物兰塞奥拉达产生了强烈的偏好,抛弃了它们的本地宿主科林西亚帕维弗洛拉.
- 这种转变最初为幼虫提供了很高的生存率,但也降低了它们的发育率.
- 牛放牧 (人类土地管理) 的变化导致了草生长的增加,遮蔽了Plantago并导致当地蝶种群的灭绝.
- 随后的重新殖民只食用Collinzia的蝶重新设置了这个系统,
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了一种由人类引发的环境变化和物种相互作用带来的新生态进化陷.
- 随着对外来资源的依赖不断发展,
- 保护策略必须考虑进化,引入物种和人类影响之间的动态相互作用,以防止人口下降.
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