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相关概念视频

Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

8.9K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down
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代特异性翻译重编程促进对向治疗的耐药性

Francesca Rapino1,2, Sylvain Delaunay1,2, Florian Rambow3,4

  • 1Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

Nature
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

波动tRNA修饰酶对于黑色素瘤细胞的生存和耐药性至关重要. 抑制这些酶,以及MAPK信号传递,为黑色素瘤提供了有前途的治疗策略.

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Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
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Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
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Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean

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相关实验视频

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Looking for Driver Pathways of Acquired Resistance to Targeted Therapy: Drug Resistant Subclone Generation and Sensitivity Restoring by Gene Knock-down
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Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
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Plant Promoter Analysis: Identification and Characterization of Root Nodule Specific Promoter in the Common Bean
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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 癌症学
  • 生物化学

背景情况:

  • mRNA翻译重编程与癌症的发展和药物耐药性有关.
  • 翻译重编程背后的精确分子机制在很大程度上是未知的.
  • 在蛋白质合成过程中,波动tRNA的修改对于准确的编码解码至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 研究BRAF V600E驱动黑色素瘤中波动性尿素34 (U34) tRNA修饰酶的作用.
  • 探索U34酶对MAPK抑制剂的治疗耐药性的作用.
  • 阐明U34酶,蛋白质合成和黑色素瘤细胞存活之间的机制联系.

主要方法:

  • 在BRAF V600E黑色素瘤模型中分析U34酶表达.
  • 在同时抑制MAPK信号和U34酶时评估细胞活力 (ELP3,CTU1,CTU2).
  • 研究PI3K通路激活及其对U34酶表达的影响.
  • 检查HIF1AmRNA转化和HIF1α蛋白水平的U34酶介导调节.

主要成果:

  • BRAF V600E黑色素瘤细胞的生存依赖于U34酶.
  • 联合抑制MAPK信号和U34酶显示出协同作用的细胞毒性.
  • 一个抵抗机制PI3K通路的激活,显著上调U34酶的表达.
  • 通过调节HIF1A转化和维持HIF1α蛋白水平,U34酶促进黑色素瘤的糖分分解.

结论:

  • 在BRAF V600E黑色素瘤中,U34酶是蛋白质合成重新连接的关键媒介.
  • 针对U34酶,与MAPK抑制剂结合,为黑色素瘤提供了潜在的治疗策略.
  • 高水平的U34酶和HIF1α与获得的抗BRAF治疗相关,突出显示它们在促进黑色素瘤细胞存活和治疗耐药性的作用.