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相关概念视频

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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Kinetic Energy00:23

Kinetic Energy

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Kinetic energy is the ability of an object in motion to do work or enact change. It can take on many forms. For instance, water flowing down a waterfall has kinetic energy. In biological systems, particles of light travel and are absorbed by plants to create chemical energy. Animals consume the chemical energy and give off molecules that carry their scent through the air. They also generate kinetic energy when they run away from predators. Entire systems also possess kinetic energy, like the...
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What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free Energy01:21

Free Energy

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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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Energy Basics02:27

Energy Basics

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Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
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Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States03:25

Free Energy Changes for Nonstandard States

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The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe

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净零排放的能源系统

Steven J Davis1,2, Nathan S Lewis3, Matthew Shaner4

  • 1Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. sjdavis@uci.edu nslewis@caltech.edu kcaldeira@carnegiescience.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

减少运输和制造业等基本服务的碳排放是迫切需要的. 现有技术可以消除二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放,但需要降低成本和整合能源系统.

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科学领域:

  • 能源系统分析
  • 工业生态
  • 减缓气候变化

背景情况:

  • 某些能源服务和工业流程,包括长途货运,航空旅行,可靠的电力和钢铁/水泥生产,难以实现脱碳.
  • 随着对这些服务的需求日益增长,加上长期的技术开发和现有基础设施,迫切需要采取气候行动.

研究的目的:

  • 检查难以减排的部门脱碳的障碍和机遇.
  • 确定这些部门的潜在技术解决方案和研究和开发优先事项.

主要方法:

  • 分析现有和新兴的减排技术.
  • 评估影响技术采用的经济和运营因素.
  • 审查研究和创新需求.

主要成果:

  • 多种现有技术可以满足未来的需求,而无需净二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放.
  • 成功的脱碳取决于通过研究和创新减少成本.
  • 跨能源行业的协调部署和整合至关重要.

结论:

  • 用现有技术实现难以减排的碳排放.
  • 需要在成本效益和运营整合方面取得重大进展.
  • 战略性研究,开发和跨部门合作对于实现气候目标至关重要.