基因组核酸被CRISPR屏幕识别为PARP捕获病变的来源
Michal Zimmermann1, Olga Murina2, Martin A M Reijns2
1The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nature
|July 6, 2018
概括
多种ADP- 核糖酶 (PARP) 抑制剂是有效的癌症疗法. 新的研究表明,由核糖核酶H2缺乏引起的核糖核酸切除修复受损导致PARP捕获DNA损伤和对PARP抑制剂的敏感性增加.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学
- 遗传学
- 癌症治疗方法
背景情况:
- 缺乏BRCA1/ 2的细胞对多基酶 (PARP) 抑制剂具有敏感性,这促使它们在同源重组缺陷向癌症治疗中使用.
- PARP 抑制剂的细胞毒性与 PARP 捕获有关,该过程涉及不确定来源的 DNA 损伤的非共价蛋白- DNA 附加物.
- 了解这些病变的性质和PARP捕获的细胞后果对于优化癌症治疗至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过CRISPR镜识别细胞对PARP抑制剂olaparib产生抗性的基因和途径.
- 在具有特定遗传缺陷的细胞中阐明PARP抑制剂敏感性的机制.
主要方法:
- 进行了三次全基因组CRISPR选,以确定影响细胞对olaparib敏感性的基因.
- 分析了与提高对PARP抑制的敏感性相关的遗传变化.
- 研究了核核酶H2和核核酸切除修复在PARP抑制剂反应中介作用.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出73个高度信任的基因,这些基因突变会对PARP抑制剂产生过敏.
- 发现所有三种核糖酶H2基因的突变都使细胞对PARP抑制敏感,超出预期的同源重组途径基因.
- 通过PARP捕获病变,确定了缺少H2核糖酶的细胞中受损的核糖核酸切除修复导致过敏.
结论:
- 基因组嵌入的核糖核酸是PARP捕获DNA损伤的重要来源,以前没有得到重视.
- 缺陷的核糖核酸切除修复导致基因组核糖核酸的积累,为1型核糖核酸酶产生基底,从而导致PARP捕获病变.
- 在转移性前列腺癌和慢性淋巴细胞白血病中频繁的RNASEH2B缺失通过利用PARP抑制剂敏感性提供治疗机会.
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