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相关概念视频

States of Water01:23

States of Water

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Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
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The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

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The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Quality of Water01:19

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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Regulation of Water Intake01:25

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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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聚烯胺水凝中的水动力学

Chang Yan1, Patrick L Kramer1, Rongfeng Yuan1

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概括
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与散装水相比,聚合物水凝中的分子动力显著减缓. 这项研究揭示了水和酸 (SeCN-) 动态如何受到高分子度的影响.

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科学领域:

  • 物理化学
  • 材料科学
  • 生物物理

背景情况:

  • 聚合物水凝在各种应用中至关重要,
  • 了解这些网络中的水和溶液的分子动力学是优化它们的关键.
  • 之前的研究缺乏对水凝矩阵中的超快动态的详细见解.

研究的目的:

  • 在聚烯胺中研究水和酸 (SeCN-) 的超快分子动力学.
  • 确定聚合物度如何影响这些动态.
  • 区分大量和界面特定的水动力学和溶液相互作用.

主要方法:

  • 超快的二维红外 (2D IR) 振动回声光谱.
  • 极化选择性探针 (PSPP) 光谱.
  • 分析水和SeCN的光谱扩散和重定向动态.

主要成果:

  • 与散装水相比,聚烯胺水凝中的水和SeCN动态都明显较慢.
  • 增加聚合物度进一步延缓了分子动力学.
  • 水分子表现出集体减速,而SeCN-则显示出两个组件的动态,表明大量的和吸附的群体.

结论:

  • 聚合物网络极大地改变了水和溶液的分子动态.
  • 观察到的减速取决于度,影响水和SeCN-的程度相似.
  • 在水凝结构中,SeCN-动态显示出与溶解和吸附相关的不同群体.