人类cGAS-DNA复合体的结构显示加强了免疫监测的控制
Wen Zhou1, Aaron T Whiteley1, Carina C de Oliveira Mann1
1Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|July 16, 2018
概括
人类循环GMP- AMP合成酶 (cGAS) 被DNA激活,但由于特定的DNA长度检测,人类cGAS的活性降低了. 这项研究揭示了增强DNA特异性的关键人类cGAS适应.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 分子生物学
- 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 循环GMP-AMP合成酶 (cGAS) 是细胞核DNA的关键传感器,可启动对病原体,压力和癌症的免疫反应.
- 与其他哺乳动物相比,人类cGAS的循环GMP-AMP (cGAMP) 合成显著降低,这一现象无法通过现有的小鼠cGAS-DNA复合结构来解释.
研究的目的:
- 与其他哺乳动物相比,研究人类cGAMP合成减少的分子基础.
- 确定人类cGAS中赋予增强DNA长度特异性的特定适应.
主要方法:
- 在细菌中复制cGAMP信号以映射调节决定因素.
- 局部定向的突变发生,以引入或去除人类特有的氨基酸替代物.
- 用X射线结晶学来确定DNA结合和寡合的结构基础.
主要成果:
- 在DNA结合表面的两个氨基酸替代被确定为人类cGAS调节的关键决定因素.
- 这些人类特异性的替代赋予长DNA的优先检测,从而抑制cGAS激活.
- 这些替代物的去除放松了DNA长度的特异性,并改变了cGAS寡合化动态.
结论:
- 由于特定的氨基酸替代,增强的DNA长度特异性解释了人类cGAS的抑制激活.
- 结构洞察力揭示了人类cGAS-DNA相互作用如何有利于寡合化和酶激活.
- 这项研究提供了活跃的人类cGAS-DNA复合物的结构模型,这对于开发向cGAS疗法至关重要.
相关概念视频
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes
8.8K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
8.8K
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures
2.5K
Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
2.5K
Humoral Immune Responses
84.0K
Overview
84.0K
Principles of Disease Surveillance
563
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
563
Chromosome Structure
26.6K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
26.6K
DNA-only Transposons
17.5K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.5K


