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毒蛇咬伤的脆弱性:全球热点地图
Joshua Longbottom1, Freya M Shearer2, Maria Devine2
1Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Health Informatics, Computing and Statistics, Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 19, 2018
概括
全球有数百万人受蛇咬毒, 易受伤害的地区有9266万人无法获得护理. 这项研究对有风险的人群进行了绘制,以指导对这种被忽视的热带疾病的干预.
科学领域:
- 全球健康
- 生态学
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 毒蛇咬伤是全世界死亡和残疾的重要原因, 但常常被忽视.
- 关于蛇生态和干预措施的有限数据阻碍了负担的准确估计和公共卫生反应.
- 全球意识较低, 阻碍了新干预措施的发展和医疗资源的分配.
研究的目的:
- 综合有关蛇种分布和人类种群的现有数据.
- 确定最容易受到毒蛇咬伤的群体.
- 确定需要额外数据的地理区域,以有效管理蛇中毒.
主要方法:
- 根据世卫组织的指导方针编制了一份全球蛇类名单.
- 使用专家意见范围地图和在线数据库中的发生数据.
- 根据数据可用性对物种进行分类,并对高优先级物种进行环境相似性分析.
- 以5x5公里分辨率生成医学重要毒蛇的当代范围地图.
- 用卫生系统指标 (抗毒剂可用性,城市可用性,HAQ指数) 来识别脆弱群体的三角化蛇群数据.
主要成果:
- 绘制了全球278种蛇的分布地图,
- 在偏远地区的14670万人生活在蛇口.
- 突出了抗毒药物可用性的差异,在医疗保健获取和质量指数 (HAQ) 的最低分位数的人群中风险明显较高.
- 发现7亿5千9百万人生活在距离蛇口人口中心1小时以上的距离.
- 确定了包括撒哈拉以南非洲,印度尼西亚和东南亚在内的脆弱地区大约有9266万人面临高风险.
结论:
- 准确识别容易受到严重蛇伤害的人群对于优先收集数据和分配资源至关重要.
- 这些地图可以指导未来的研究和公共卫生工作,
- 需要有针对性的干预措施和改进的医疗保健系统来应对这种被忽视的热带疾病,特别是在被确定为高风险地区.
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