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模拟生态和生物多样性的演变:生物地理摇篮,博物馆和坟墓
Thiago F Rangel1, Neil R Edwards2, Philip B Holden2
1Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. thiago.rangel@ufg.br robert.colwell@uconn.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 21, 2018
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在PubMed 上查看摘要
概括
生物多样性模式来自于进化和环境变化的复杂相互作用. 模拟模型揭示了气候和地形如何在80万年内推动物种形成,灭绝和物种分布.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 进化生物学
- 生物地理
背景情况:
- 了解大规模的生物多样性模式需要整合多种生态和进化过程.
- 分析模型和传统实验难以在广泛的空间和时间尺度上捕捉复杂的相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 开发和利用一个空间明确的机械模拟模型来调查南美生物多样性模式的驱动因素.
- 确定关键的进化和生态过程及其影响物种在长期分布的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 构建了一个空间明确的机械模拟模型,包含适应,范围转移,碎片化,物种化,分散,竞争和灭绝.
- 使用过去80万年古气候模型进行模拟.
- 使用实验性地形平滑来评估气候异质性对多样化的影响.
主要成果:
- 该模型成功模拟了生物多样性模式的出现,而没有经验参数化.
- 确定了不同的地理区域和时间事件,作为"摇篮" (物种化),"博物馆" (持久性) 和"坟墓" (灭绝).
- 新兴物种丰富性地图密切反映了主要类型的当代生物多样性分布.
结论:
- 地形和气候是进化和多样化的强大驱动力,塑造了大规模的生物多样性模式.
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