过去的经验通过单氨基信号来塑造性二态神经连接
Emily A Bayer1, Oliver Hobert2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|August 29, 2018
概括
过去的饥饿经历会改变雄性虫子的大脑发育, 这种记忆会影响神经回路和行为,
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 发育生物学
- 行为遗传学
背景情况:
- 在神经系统解剖学,基因表达和功能上观察到的两性差异遍及动物王国.
- 在Caenorhabditis elegans中,性差异化涉及突触连接的性别特异性修剪,从而创建不同的成年神经回路.
- 环境因素和过去的经验会影响神经发育和功能.
研究的目的:
- 调查性二态神经回路是否可以通过过去的生活经验来调节.
- 了解发展过程中环境线索对成人的神经结构和行为产生影响的机制.
- 探索神经递质在早期生活经验对性二态电路的影响中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用线虫Caenorhabditis elegans作为一个模型生物.
- 操纵青少年的饥饿条件以评估记忆形成及其对突触连接的影响.
- 研究了包括5-HT1A受体同类在内的八胺和胺 (5-HT) 信号通路在饥饿记忆中扮演的角色.
主要成果:
- 在雄性C. elegans中,幼年饥饿被记忆,抑制了性二态突触连接的发展.
- 这种抑制导致成年男性在发育过程中经历饥饿的化学感应能力提高.
- 一个由八胺介导的信号通过抑制血清的产生传递饥饿记忆,通过细胞自主5-HT1A受体影响突触修剪.
结论:
- 生命史事件,如饥饿,可以显著塑造神经递质的产生,突触连接和行为输出在性二态的方式.
- 这项研究揭示了一个分子机制, 将早期生活经验与神经电路结构和功能的长期变化联系起来.
- 这些发现突显了性二态神经回路的可塑性及其基于环境历史的适应性.
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