实施研究:全球健康的新要求和机遇
Sally Theobald1, Neal Brandes2, Margaret Gyapong3
1Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 14, 2018
概括
实施研究弥合了全球卫生知识与实践之间的差距. 本研究回顾了改善低收入和中等收入国家的卫生政策,服务和结果的案例研究.
科学领域:
- 全球健康
- 卫生政策
- 实施科学
背景情况:
- 实施研究解决了全球卫生方面的关键知识差距,将研究与实践联系起来.
- 通过创造和应用知识,加速公共卫生方法的开发和实施.
- 在全球不同环境中对实施研究实践进行了有限的系统审查.
研究的目的:
- 通过案例研究来说明实施研究的特点和应用.
- 探讨在低收入和中等收入国家使用实施研究.
- 支持呼吁在全球卫生领域更多地使用实施研究.
主要方法:
- 根据专家审查的过程,有目的地选择案例研究.
- 根据目的对案例研究进行分类:改善健康,为政策提供信息,加强服务提供,赋予社区权力.
- 分析共同要素的案例研究:解决实施问题,通过伙伴关系共同创建解决方案,并利用默认的知识和研究.
主要成果:
- 案例研究表明实施研究在改善人们的健康,为政策提供信息,加强卫生服务和赋予社区权力方面发挥了作用.
- 有效的实施研究需要建立伙伴关系,共同创建解决方案,并将默认知识与正式研究结合起来.
- 卫生系统复杂且适应性强;环境至关重要,需要多学科,严格和适应性强的过程才能产生干预影响.
结论:
- 实施研究对于弥合研究,政策和实践之间的差距至关重要,以改善健康结果.
- 这一领域需要建立包容性,强调研究利用,促进不同利益相关者之间的合作.
- 加强实施研究对于实现国家和全球卫生目标以及加强卫生公平和可持续性至关重要.
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