查和行为咨询干预措施减少青少年和成年人的不健康酒精使用:美国预防服务工作组建议声明
, Susan J Curry1, Alex H Krist2,3
1University of Iowa, Iowa City.
JAMA
|November 14, 2018
概括
包括孕妇在内的成年人进行不健康饮酒查,如果与简短的咨询相结合,会带来适度的益处. 对于青少年来说,证据不足,因此不建议对这个年龄组进行查.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 预防医学
- 行为科学
背景情况:
- 过度饮酒是美国过早死亡的主要原因,
- 怀孕期间的酒精使用是可预防的出生缺陷和发育障碍的重要原因.
研究的目的:
- 更新对初级保健中不健康酒精使用的查建议.
- 评估查和咨询干预措施减少与酒精有关的伤害的有效性.
主要方法:
- 美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 委托进行系统的证据审查.
- 该审查评估了查方法的准确性和行为咨询干预措施的有效性.
- 还评估了查和咨询的潜在危害.
主要成果:
- 在成年人 (18岁以上) 中,查和简短的行为咨询显示了适度的净益.
- 这包括怀孕妇女, 旨在减少危险饮酒行为.
- 没有足够的证据来确定青少年的益处和危害 (12-17).
结论:
- USPSTF建议对18岁及以上的成年人,包括孕妇进行不健康饮酒的查.
- 应该向那些被认定为高风险饮酒的人提供简短的行为咨询.
- 美国PSTF对青少年发表了"I"声明,指出证据不足.
相关概念视频
Preventive Healthcare Services
2.2K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
2.2K
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
308
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
308
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
600
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
600
Nursing Interventions I: Taxonomy of Nursing Interventions
3.9K
Nursing interventions are chosen as part of the planning process to achieve patient outcomes. Once nursing diagnoses are determined, the goals and outcomes are specified, then the nursing interventions are selected and individualized according to the patient's situation.
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
A nursing intervention is a treatment or action based on scientific concepts and knowledge from the nursing, behavioral, and physical sciences. Identifying and prioritizing nursing interventions based on the desired outcome...
3.9K
Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions
3.3K
Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on a patient's physical evaluation and support measuring the outcomes. It is not recommended to select random interventions throughout the planning process. Instead, consider the following six essential factors when choosing interventions:
3.3K
Electromotive Force
30.2K
Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
30.2K


