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在殖民地带状动物中发现的复杂的哺乳动物类血液形成系统

Benyamin Rosental^1,2, Mark Kowarsky³, Jun Seita^4,5

¹Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. rosentab@post.bgu.ac.il.

|December 7, 2018

概括

血造干细胞 (HSC) 和骨髓性免疫细胞起源于衣类动物和脊椎动物的共同祖先. 这项研究确定了HSC及其在Botryllus schlosseri中的位置,揭示了进化洞察力.

科学领域:

进化生物学
发育生物学
免疫学

背景情况:

血细胞形成过程对多细胞动物至关重要.
造血干细胞 (HSC) 对于终身的血液和免疫细胞产生至关重要.
HSC 的进化起源和位在很大程度上仍未被探索,特别是在脊椎动物之外.

研究的目的:

研究血造干细胞 (HSC) 和免疫细胞的进化起源.
描述殖民衣动物Botryllus schlosseri中的血液构造系统和HSC位.
了解Botryllus schlosseri parabionts在免疫反应中的自我识别的作用.

主要方法:

定义细胞群的流细胞计和全转录组测序.
功能性测试以表征细胞类型及其作用.
在体动物和脊椎动物中对血液构成系统进行比较分析.

主要成果:

在Botryllus schlosseri中识别HSC,原生细胞和免疫效应细胞.
在Botryllus schlosseri内对特定的HSC的表征.
证明Botryllus schlosseri的自我识别可以抑制全特异性细胞毒性反应.
证据表明HSC和骨髓系免疫细胞出现在衣类动物和脊椎动物的共同祖先中.

结论:

HSC和骨髓性免疫细胞具有古老的进化起源,早于衣类动物和脊椎动物的分化.
脊椎动物中的血液构造骨髓和衣类动物中的内可能具有共同的进化起源.
Botryllus schlosseri作为一个有价值的模型来研究血液形成和免疫的演变.

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