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宫癌

Paul A Cohen1, Anjua Jhingran2, Ana Oaknin3

  • 1Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, WA, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, WA, Australia.

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|January 15, 2019
PubMed
概括

人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 造成的子宫癌是一种大致可预防的疾病, 每年影响超过50万名女性. 检查,疫苗接种和治疗方面的进步带来了更好的结果,尤其是在高收入国家.

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科学领域:

  • 癌症学
  • 妇科瘤学
  • 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 宫癌每年影响全球50万多名女性,大多数病例发生在缺乏预防方案的贫困地区.
  • 人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 的高风险亚型是导致子宫癌的主要原因,这种恶性瘤在很大程度上是可以预防的.
  • 在高收入国家,由于有组织的查计划,宫癌发病率和死亡率显著降低.

研究的目的:

  • 提供目前宫癌的概述,包括其原因,预防策略和治疗方式.
  • 突出高收入国家与低收入和中等收入国家宫癌发病率的差异.
  • 讨论宫癌治疗的最新进展和新兴的治疗方法.

主要方法:

  • 全球宫癌发病率和死亡率的流行病学数据的审查.
  • 对HPV疫苗接种和查计划对疾病负担的影响分析.
  • 目前治疗策略的总结,包括手术,放射治疗和全身疗法.
  • 探索新的治疗方式,如免疫疗法和向药物.

主要成果:

  • 宫癌在很大程度上是可以预防的,HPV疫苗接种和查是关键干预措施.
  • 在高收入国家, 有组织的查计划极大地减少了子宫癌的发生率.
  • 治疗方法根据疾病的阶段而异,早期疾病可以选择节约生育能力.
  • 放射治疗的进步和贝瓦西祖马布的添加改善了晚期和复发性疾病的结果.
  • 新兴的免疫疗法对治疗转移性或复发性子宫癌具有前景.

结论:

  • 宫癌仍然是一个重大的全球卫生挑战,特别是在资源有限的地区.
  • 通过HPV疫苗接种和查进行有效的预防对于减少疾病负担至关重要.
  • 多种治疗策略,包括手术,放射治疗和全身治疗,对于治疗宫癌至关重要.
  • 针对免疫疗法等新疗法进行的研究为改善晚期疾病预后提供了希望.