异卵性突变导致酵母癌症演变模型的遗传不稳定性
Miguel C Coelho1,2,3, Ricardo M Pinto4,5, Andrew W Murray6,7
1FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. mcc150@gmail.com.
Nature
|February 1, 2019
概括
单个基因突变会导致酵母的基因不稳定,加速进化并可能导致癌症. 这项研究确定了与不稳定性相关的新基因目标,对人类疾病研究有影响.
科学领域:
- 遗传学
- 分子生物学
- 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 基因不稳定,突变率的增加, 推动了进化, 在癌症中很常见.
- 机制包括对两种基因拷贝的损伤或单基因不足,但它们的相对重要性尚不清楚.
- 强大的选择丰富了基因不稳定性,如在大肠杆菌中所见.
研究的目的:
- 在强有力的选择下,进化和研究双胞胎酵母 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 的遗传不稳定性.
- 鉴定导致遗传不稳定的特定基因突变.
- 调查异卵性突变在引发遗传不稳定性的作用.
主要方法:
- 对双胞胎酵母进行重复强选择以诱导遗传不稳定性.
- 隔离和特征化的克隆具有增加的突变率,线粒重组和染色体损失.
- 在祖先菌株中改造候选异构基因突变以证实它们在不稳定中的作用.
主要成果:
- 在酵母中成功进化了基因不稳定性,观察到突变,重组和染色体损失的增加率.
- 已确定涉及运输,蛋白质质量控制和DNA代谢的基因异构基因突变是不稳定的原因.
- 证明一个基因副本的失活 (哈普洛因不足) 比主导性改变更频繁.
结论:
- 单个异构的遗传事件可以诱导双胞胎酵母的遗传不稳定性.
- 发现了基因不稳定的新基因目标,包括必需基因.
- 提供了证据,表明哺乳动物同类的类似异构基因突变可能导致癌症的遗传不稳定.
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