暴露Anopheles蚊子的抗疟疾药物可以阻止寄生虫的传播
Douglas G Paton1, Lauren M Childs2, Maurice A Itoe1
1Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|March 1, 2019
概括
新的抗疟疾药物可以阻止蚊子传播疟疾. 这一战略针对寄生虫的发展, 提供对抗抗虫剂耐药性的重要工具, 并帮助消除疟疾的努力.
科学领域:
- 医学昆虫学
- 寄生虫学
- 药物发现
背景情况:
- 疟疾是由蚊子传染的寄生虫造成的, 每年造成数十万人死亡.
- 用杀虫剂处理的蚊帐显著减少了疟疾死亡,但由于蚊子种群中广泛的抗虫剂性,它们面临挑战.
- 迫切需要新的疟疾控制工具来对抗潜在的复发.
研究的目的:
- 调查特定抗疟疾药物阻断Anopheles gambiae蚊子传播Plasmodium falciparum的有效性.
- 确定通过蚊子接触所吸收的抗疟疾药物是否可以抑制寄生虫的发展.
- 评估将抗疟药物纳入蚊帐作为疟疾控制策略的潜力.
主要方法:
- 在经过处理的表面暴露雌性Anopheles gambiae蚊子低度的抗疟药物 (atovaquone和其他细胞染色体b抑制剂).
- 评估抗疟疾药物暴露对蚊子中肠中的Plasmodium falciparum寄生虫发展的影响.
- 模拟疟疾传播动态,预测用抗疟疾药物浸的网的效果.
主要成果:
- 当蚊子从经过处理的表面上摄入抗疟疾药物时,可以完全阻止Plasmodium falciparum在Anopheles蚊子中的发展.
- 阿托瓦和其他细胞染色体b抑制剂有效地阻止了蚊子中肠中的寄生虫发育,防止了传播.
- 数学模型表明,用抗疟疾药物处理的网可以显著减少疟疾传播,减轻抗虫剂耐药性的影响.
结论:
- 特定的抗疟疾药物可以有效地阻止蚊子传播疟疾寄生虫,这是一个有希望的新控制策略.
- 针对寄生虫的线粒体功能提供了开发传播阻断干预措施的可行方法.
- 用抗疟疾药物灌注蚊帐是对抗抗虫剂耐药性和促进疟疾根除目标的强大补充工具.
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