在细胞突触中传递谷氨酸信号
Hai Huang1, Songmei Liu1, Thomas B Kornberg2
1Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 2, 2019
概括
神经突触组件对于Drosophila气囊原始的发展至关重要. 通过细胞膜传递谷氨酸信号,涉及过渡和谷氨酸受体,调解这一过程.
科学领域:
- 发育生物学
- 神经科学
- 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 草气囊原体 (ASP) 是一种通过信号形成的上皮管.
- 细胞膜是ASP用来接收来自翅膀形象盘的信号的特殊类动物.
研究的目的:
- 研究神经突触组件在Drosophila ASP发育中的作用.
- 阐明ASP中细胞因子介导通信的信号机制.
主要方法:
- 研究了突变突触囊运输蛋白 (Synaptobrevin,Synaptotagmin-1),谷氨酸运输体和通道对ASP发展的影响.
- 研究了Synaptotagmin-4和谷氨酸受体GluRII在ASP细胞中的功能.
- 使用实时成像对ASP细胞内水平进行监测.
- 使用光遗传学来刺激翼盘中的离子通道, 并评估信号.
- 使用药理抑制剂 (EGTA,NASPM) 来研究和谷氨酸受体的作用.
主要成果:
- 当盘细胞中缺少突触囊元件,谷氨酸转运体或通道时,ASP中的Dpp信号受损.
- 缺乏Synaptotagmin-4或GluRII的ASP细胞显示信号受损.
- 与信号活动相关的ASP细胞内的暂时升高.
- 过渡性依赖于GluRII,通过l- 谷氨酸和光遗传刺激激活,并通过EGTA和NASPM抑制.
- GluRII激活是必要的,但不足以发出信号.
结论:
- 神经突触组件在Drosophila ASP的发展中起着至关重要的作用.
- 在ASP中,细胞因子介导的信号是谷氨酸性,涉及由GluRII调节的过渡物.
- 这项研究揭示了谷氨酸信号在上皮细胞发育中的新角色.
相关概念视频
02:47The Synapse
133.0K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
133.0K
01:12Synaptic Signaling
79.3K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.3K
02:03What is Cell Signaling?
130.3K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
130.3K
01:26Chemical Synapses
11.5K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
11.5K
01:26Chemical Synapses
4.5K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
4.5K
01:28Electrical Synapses
10.6K
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
10.6K