气候与土地利用的相互作用塑造了热带山区的生物多样性和生态系统功能
Marcell K Peters1, Andreas Hemp2, Tim Appelhans3
1Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. marcell.peters@uni-wuerzburg.de.
Nature
|March 29, 2019
概括
土地使用和气候相互作用,影响热带山区的生物多样性和生态系统功能. 气候对生态系统如何应对土地使用变化产生重大影响,尤其是在具有挑战性的环境中.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 环境科学
- 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 由于农业和资源开发, 热带山区的生态系统正在发生重大变化.
- 这些土地利用变化对生物多样性和生态系统功能的影响仍然很大程度上未知.
- 热带山区的高度梯度创造了独特的气候条件,影响土地使用效应不同于非山区.
研究的目的:
- 研究气候和土地利用对热带山区生态系统生物多样性和生态系统功能的综合影响.
- 了解海拔梯度和气候如何调节土地使用变化的后果.
- 确定基里曼扎罗山生物多样性和生态系统功能变化的驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 对气候 (温度,降水) 和土地使用强度对物种丰富性和组成的相互作用影响的分析.
- 评估对各种生态系统功能的影响,包括土壤特性,营养循环,温室气体排放和生物质.
- 单个驱动因素对观察到的变化的相互作用因素的相对贡献的量化.
主要成果:
- 土地使用强度的增加导致干旱低地与潮湿的山下和山区相比,物种丰富度的减少更大.
- 土地使用强度显著改变了植物,动物和微生物群落的组成,分别在干旱和潮湿地区的影响更大.
- 气候和土地利用共同影响土壤特性,营养循环,温室气体排放,植物生物质,生产力和动物相互作用.
结论:
- 气候和土地利用之间的相互作用是热带山区生物多样性和生态系统运作的关键决定因素.
- 在气候挑战性环境中的生态系统对土地使用变化具有较低的抵抗力.
- 了解这些相互作用对于预测全球变化对山区生态系统的影响以及为保护战略提供信息至关重要.
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