肠道微生物组的结构变化与宿主健康有关
David Zeevi1,2,3, Tal Korem4,5,6,7, Anastasia Godneva4,5
1Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. dzeevi@rockefeller.edu.
Nature
|March 29, 2019
概括
微生物基因组结构变异 (SV) 在肠道微生物群中很常见,与适应和宿主健康有关. 这些变异,特别是涉及CRISPR和抗生素功能的变异,与疾病风险因素有关.
科学领域:
- 微生物基因组学
- 人类微生物组研究
- 基因组结构变异
背景情况:
- 由于细微的遗传变异,细菌菌株可以表现出显著的表型差异.
- 基因组结构变异 (SV) 是微生物群体内遗传多样性的重要来源.
研究的目的:
- 系统地识别和描述人类肠道微生物群中的微生物基因组结构变异 (SV).
- 研究 SV 的功能作用和适应意义.
- 探索 SV 和宿主健康之间的关联,包括疾病风险因素.
主要方法:
- 在各种肠道微生物样本中系统识别微生物基因组结构变异 (SV).
- 在不同的人群中分析 SV 的流行和复制.
- 在SV中对基因的功能丰富分析.
- 病原体和宿主疾病风险因素之间的关联研究.
主要成果:
- 基因组结构变异 (SV) 在人类肠道微生物群中的细菌群中普遍存在,并且可以在队列中复制.
- 对于与CRISPR相关的和产生抗生素的基因而言,SVs是富含的,而对于家政基因而言,SVs是枯竭的,这表明SVs在微生物适应中的作用.
- 确定了 SV 和宿主疾病风险因素之间的多重关联,其中许多在独立的队列中复制.
- 在Anaerostipes hadrus中,一种特定的SV编码了内醇代谢-酸盐生物合成途径,与降低代谢疾病风险有关.
结论:
- 基因组结构变异 (SVs) 代表了人类肠道微生物群的关键,但被低估的变异性层.
- SVs有助于微生物的适应,并在宿主微生物群相互作用中发挥作用.
- 已识别的SV及其相关功能提供了肠道微生物群与宿主健康之间的潜在机制联系,特别是在代谢疾病中.
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