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火星尘暴对大气H2O和D/H的影响,由ExoMars轨道探测器观测
Ann Carine Vandaele1, Oleg Korablev2, Frank Daerden3
1Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (IASB-BIRA), Brussels, Belgium. a-c.vandaele@aeronomie.be.
Nature
|April 12, 2019
概括
火星的尘埃暴迅速改变了大气中的水分. 观测显示,在暴风雨期间,水蒸气和半重水 (HDO) 在高海拔地区增加,影响火星
科学领域:
- 星球科学
- 大气科学
- 天体生物学
背景情况:
- 火星上的全球沙尘暴很少发生,但对大气动态和构成有很大影响.
- 尘暴影响太阳的升温,大气循环和水蒸气分布,对火星的光化学和气候产生影响.
- 之前的观测表明在火星沙尘暴期间,海拔较高的水蒸气增加,而海拔较低的水蒸气减少.
研究的目的:
- 在火星全球沙尘暴开始时,调查水 (H2O) 和半重水 (HDO) 的垂直分布.
- 从地面到80公里的高度分析HDO与H2O (D/H) 的比率.
- 了解尘暴对火星大气中的水含量和分布的快速影响.
主要方法:
- 使用ExoMars轨道探测器上的NOMAD和ACS仪器同时进行高分辨率的尘埃,H2O和HDO测量.
- 从行星边界层到80公里的D/H比率的垂直分布分析.
- 在全球沙尘暴爆发前和爆发期间大气组成的比较.
主要成果:
- 在沙尘暴之前,HDO在40公里以上的探测极限以下,与水冰云的存在相吻合.
- 在暴风雨期间,H2O和HDO的数量在40至80公里高度之间显著增加.
- 观察到的水和HDO的变化发生在风暴发作后的几天内.
结论:
- 沙尘暴期间的温度升高可能会增加大气循环, 抑制冰云的形成.
- 这一过程可能会导致水蒸气被限制在较低的海拔上,随后冰晶升华.
- 全球沙尘暴对火星大气中的水分有迅速而显著的影响.
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