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Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

103.6K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

58.8K
The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

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Overview
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Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes
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作为 r 过程元素的主要来源的崩

Daniel M Siegel1,2,3,4, Jennifer Barnes5,6, Brian D Metzger5,6

  • 1Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. dsiegel@perimeterinstitute.ca.

Nature
|May 10, 2019
PubMed
概括

不仅仅是中子星的合并, 也可以产生宇宙中的重元素. 这些罕见的超新星喷射出更多的物质,可能提供超过80%的宇宙r过程元素.

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科学领域:

  • 天体物理学
  • 核物理
  • 宇宙化学

背景情况:

  • 中子星的合并在理论上和观测上与通过快速中子捕获 (r过程) 生产重元素有关.
  • 之前的研究表明,在中子星合并中形成的黑洞周围的积累盘是来自此类事件的r过程元素的主要来源.
  • 最近对元素丰富的恒星和银河系化学丰富模式的观测表明了宇宙r过程元素的替代或额外来源,特别是那些在低金属度环境中形成的元素.

研究的目的:

  • 调查崩积累盘作为 r 过程元素的重要来源的潜力.
  • 为了比较崩星对与中子星合并相对应的r过程元素的宇宙丰富性.

主要方法:

  • 使用模拟来建模在黑洞周围形成的积聚盘中的r过程核合成.
  • 量化了来自崩积累盘的r过程元素的产量.
  • 将计算的产量与观测到的宇宙丰度和估计的事件速率进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 模拟表明,崩积累盘可以产生足够的r过程元素来解释宇宙中观测到的丰度.
  • 尽管与中子星合并相比,它们的发生率较低,但它们每次喷射的物质量更大.
  • 据计算,崩星能够提供超过80%的宇宙中发现的r过程元素.

结论:

  • 崩积累盘是宇宙r过程元素的主要来源,以前被低估.
  • 这些发现挑战了普遍的观点,即中子星的合并是重元素生产的唯一重要因素.
  • 这项研究强调了罕见的高能超新星在塑造宇宙化学组成中的关键作用.