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相关概念视频

Organization of Genes02:07

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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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哺乳动物器官发育中的基因表达

Margarida Cardoso-Moreira1,2, Jean Halbert3, Delphine Valloton3

  • 1Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany. m.moreira@zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de.

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这项研究绘制了七种哺乳动物器官发育过程中的基因表达. 它揭示了基因表达的变化,选择压力的演变以及器官发育时间的不同,为进化发育生物学提供了关键资源.

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科学领域:

  • 发育生物学
  • 进化生物学
  • 基因组学

背景情况:

  • 基因表达在哺乳动物器官发育中的作用尚不清楚.
  • 在物种和发育阶段之间缺乏比较的转录基因数据.

研究的目的:

  • 描述哺乳动物器官发育过程中基因表达的演变.
  • 提供全面的发育转录组资源进行比较分析.

主要方法:

  • 收集了七个器官的转录组 (大脑,小脑,心脏,脏,肝脏,卵巢,丸).
  • 在多个发育时间点和七个物种 (人类, rhesus macaque,小鼠,老鼠,子,) 中分析了数据.
  • 对比基因表达模式以确定发育阶段对应性和进化差异.

主要成果:

  • 在各个物种中确定了保存的发育阶段,以及生殖腺发育的不同时间.
  • 观察到基因表达宽度和净化选择的减少,在发育过程中积极选择和新基因表达的增加.
  • 在不同物种的时间基因表达轨迹中发现了显著的变化,脑组织显示稳定性,肝/丸显示动态变化.

结论:

  • 这项研究为了解哺乳动物器官发育和进化提供了宝贵的资源.
  • 比较转录组学揭示了在发育过程中选择压力和基因表达的动态变化.
  • 发展时间和基因表达轨迹的差异突出了特定物种的进化路径.