全州立法和行政干预与加利福尼亚幼儿园儿童疫苗接种状况的关联
S Cassandra Pingali1, Paul L Delamater2, Alison M Buttenheim3
1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|July 3, 2019
概括
加利福尼亚
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 流行病学
- 疫苗接种政策
背景情况:
- 加利福尼亚州在2014年至2016年期间实施了三项关键干预措施,以增加学生的疫苗接种率.
- 这些干预措施包括立法变更 (议会法案2109和参议院法案277) 和为学校工作人员开展教育活动.
- 之前的研究还没有全面评估这些干预措施对学生疫苗接种状况的综合影响.
研究的目的:
- 评估干预期间未接种疫苗的幼儿园儿童入学年率的变化.
- 分析未接种疫苗率高的学校和潜在的学校内部接触者的地理聚类.
- 评估有关疫苗接种范围的联合立法和教育策略的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项利用2000年至2017年间加利福尼亚州的横截面学校入学数据的观察研究.
- 幼儿园的年率的计算没有最新的必要疫苗接种.
- 对学校内部联系和高成绩学校的地理分类进行了修改.
主要成果:
- 在干预后,全州未接种疫苗的幼儿园儿童比例从2013年的9.84%降至2017年的4.87%.
- 在未接种疫苗的幼儿园儿童中,学校内部接触的可能性从2014年的26.02%大幅下降至2017年的4.56%.
- 在研究期间,在高未接种疫苗率的地理集群中的学校数量大幅下降.
结论:
- 加利福尼亚州的立法和教育干预与未接种疫苗的幼儿园儿童的显著减少有关.
- 这些干预措施还导致了学校集群的减少,其中未接种疫苗的比例较高,学生接触的可能性较低.
- 这些发现突显了提高学校接种疫苗覆盖率的多面性方法的有效性.
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