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相关概念视频

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Rab Cascades01:25

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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激环闭环开环级联聚合

Hanchu Huang1, Wenqi Wang1, Zefeng Zhou1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 31, 2019
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员开发了一种新方法来合成聚合物,使用激光环闭环开环级联聚合. 这种策略可以创建具有内置可降解性的复杂聚合物结构.

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科学领域:

  • 聚合物化学
  • 有机合成

背景情况:

  • 开发新的聚合策略对于创建先进材料至关重要.
  • 极端聚合为聚合物合成提供了多方面的途径.

研究的目的:

  • 通过激环闭环开环级联聚合来报告主链聚合物的新策略.
  • 能够合成具有复杂主链结构和可降解功能的聚合物.

主要方法:

  • 系统优化1,6-二烯结构的电子性质,以实现有效的基质循环聚合.
  • 1,6-二烯与酸硫化物或酸硫基因的融合以启动级联反应.
  • 使用SO2从1,6-二烯合的酸硫挤出,以产生具有可逆失活性的扩散基.

主要成果:

  • 通过优化的1,6-二烯结构实现了有效的基聚聚合.
  • 由大型宏环单体的聚合驱动的环闭/环开级联反应.
  • 已经成功地产生了可逆性失活的扩散基.

结论:

  • 报告中的战略为合成具有复杂主链架构的聚合物提供了一个一般平台.
  • 这种方法允许将可降解的功能纳入聚合物主链.
  • 激环闭环开环级联聚合为先进的聚合物设计提供了强大的方法.