不平等群体的社会困境
Oliver P Hauser1, Christian Hilbe2, Krishnendu Chatterjee3
1Department of Economics, University of Exeter Business School, Exeter, UK. o.hauser@exeter.ac.uk.
Nature
|August 16, 2019
概括
不平等可能会破坏合作,但在资产和生产力上有一些差异可能是合作发展的必要条件. 调整的不平等会最大限度地提高整体福利,
科学领域:
- 进化游戏理论
- 行为经济学
- 社会合作的动态
背景情况:
- 直接互惠促使在重复互动中进行合作,但假定参与者平等.
- 人类社会表现出无处不在的不平等,
- 现有的互惠模式通常忽视个人差异的影响.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个研究不平等个体之间的直接互惠的框架.
- 研究不同来源的不平等 (资产,生产力) 如何影响合作.
- 探讨不平等可能促进或阻碍合作的条件.
主要方法:
- 开发了与多个不平等来源直接互惠的一般数学框架.
- 包括资产,生产力和公共利益的变化.
- 通过操纵受试者的天赋和生产力来测试模型预测.
主要成果:
- 极端的不平等阻碍了合作,但当生产力不同时,可能需要一些资产不平等.
- 当更高的生产率与更高的资产相结合时, 总体福利得到最大化.
- 资金和生产力不一致导致合作迅速崩.
结论:
- 不平等对合作的影响是微妙的,取决于其来源和调整.
- 促进合作的政策应该考虑公平性和效率之间的相互作用.
- 为了有效地提供公共产品并最大限度地提高社会福利, 了解相关的不平等至关重要.
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