素合基因缩小了植物结构,提高了高密度玉米的产量
Jinge Tian1, Chenglong Wang1, Jinliang Xia1
1State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 17, 2019
概括
研究人员确定了两个控制玉米植物结构的基因,即直立植物架构1 (UPA1) 和直立植物架构2 (UPA2). 进化野生UPA2等位基因增加了高密度玉米产量,为提高作物生产率提供了途径.
科学领域:
- 植物遗传学和育种
- 植物生理学
- 农业科学
背景情况:
- 玉米 (Zea mays) 的产量改善与种植密度的增加有关.
- 垂直植物架构对于实现玉米的密集种植策略至关重要.
- 了解植物结构的遗传基础是优化作物产量的关键.
研究的目的:
- 克隆和描述负责玉米直立植物结构的定量特征位点 (QTL).
- 通过确定QTL来阐明植物结构调节的分子机制.
- 探索基因变异的潜力,以提高高密度玉米的种植.
主要方法:
- 定量特征位点 (QTL) 的克隆直立植物架构1 (UPA1) 和直立植物架构2 (UPA2).
- 基因表达调节的分析,包括转录因子 (ZmRAVL1) 和蛋白相互作用 (DRL1,LG1).
- 研究胺生物合成途径及其与叶角的关系.
- 玉米和神基因对UPA2的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 克隆UPA1和UPA2,两个主要的QTL用于直立工厂架构.
- 通过影响ZmRAVL1表达的双基多态体识别UPA2的调节,其中DRL1和LG1调节了这种调节.
- 证明ZmRAVL1控制了brassinosteroid生物合成基因brd1,影响了叶角.
- 发现有益的UPA2等位基因,减少叶角,起源于teosinte,并在玉米化过程中丢失.
结论:
- 这项研究确定了控制玉米植物结构及其适用于密集种植的关键遗传因素 (UPA1,UPA2).
- 在现代玉米杂交品种中重新引入祖先的UPA2等位基因可显著提高高密度产量.
- 基因编辑ZmRAVL1为改善高密度条件下的玉米生产率提供了一个有前途的策略.
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