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来自低质量黑洞银河核的九小时X射线准周期爆发
G Miniutti1, R D Saxton2, M Giustini3
1Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, Madrid, Spain. gminiutti@cab.inta-csic.es.
Nature
|September 13, 2019
概括
从Seyfert 2星系GSN 069中观察到近期的X射线喷发,这些喷发来自它的低质量黑洞. 这些事件显示了快速的光谱变化,为活跃星系核的积聚过程提供了新的见解.
科学领域:
- 天文学与天体物理学
- 高能天体物理学
- 黑洞积累物理
背景情况:
- 休眠星系的高振幅电磁爆发通常与中央超大质量黑洞的潮破坏事件 (TDE) 有关.
- 赛弗特2星系GSN 069在2010年呈现出显著的X射线亮度,这表明了潜在的长期TDE.
- 之前的观测表明超软的X射线谱与增积盘的辐射一致.
研究的目的:
- 调查GSN 069活动星系核 (AGN) 持续的X射线辐射的性质.
- 描述观察到的半周期性X射线喷发及其相关的光谱特性.
- 探索这些喷发对低质量黑洞周围积聚过程的影响.
主要方法:
- 从2018年12月开始,持续54天对GSN 069进行X射线监测.
- 分析X射线计数率以确定和量化喷发事件.
- 用光谱分析追踪喷发期间的温度变化.
主要成果:
- 发现了近周期性X射线喷发,持续时间约1小时,复发时间约9小时.
- 在这些喷发期间,X射线计数率增加了两倍.
- 在约4x10^5太阳质量的黑洞周围的积聚流中,冷热相之间的快速光谱过渡 (kT ~120 eV).
结论:
- 观测到的喷发可能是由GSN 069的低质量黑洞的积累流中的不稳定性或过程驱动的.
- 热相的光谱特征与通常在发光的AGN中看到的柔软X射线过量相似.
- 这些发现表明,类似的,虽然可能更长时间的变化可能会发生在具有更大质量的黑洞的AGN中.
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