微生物群调节神经元功能和恐惧灭绝的学习
Coco Chu1, Mitchell H Murdock2,3,4, Deqiang Jing3,4,5
1Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|October 25, 2019
概括
肠道微生物群对于小鼠的恐惧灭绝学习至关重要,影响大脑发育和功能. 微生物信号在生命早期和成年期都需要用于健康的大脑功能和行为.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 多细胞生物拥有复杂的微生物群,影响宿主生理和行为.
- 微生物群的改变与神经精神疾病有关,但潜在的机制尚不清楚.
- 恐惧灭绝学习是一个由宿主行为调节的关键认知过程.
研究的目的:
- 调查微生物群在恐惧灭绝学习中的作用.
- 阐明微生物群影响神经元活动和行为的机制.
- 识别微生物群衍生的信号,对大脑发育和功能至关重要.
主要方法:
- 在接受抗生素治疗和无细菌成年小鼠中的微生物群的操纵.
- 中间前额叶皮层的单核RNA测序.
- 跨骨两光子成像评估神经元活动和树突脊柱重塑.
- 代谢分析以确定关键的微生物代谢物.
主要成果:
- 成年小鼠的微生物群操纵导致了恐惧灭绝学习的显著缺陷.
- 中部前额叶皮质中的基因表达在各种细胞类型中发生了改变.
- 缺陷与损伤的树突脊柱重塑和减少的神经元活动有关.
- 确定了微生物群衍生信号的关键新生儿发育窗口.
- 在无菌小鼠中,四种下调代谢物与神经精神疾病有关.
结论:
- 来自微生物群的信号对于在出生后的早期发育和成年期的恐惧灭绝学习至关重要.
- 微生物代谢物可能直接影响大脑功能和行为.
- 这些发现对了解饮食,感染和生活方式如何影响大脑健康和神经精神疾病易感性有意义.
相关概念视频
01:16Role of Amygdala in Memory
968
The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...
One of the...
968
01:23Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory
2.3K
Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is...
2.3K
01:15Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System
6.2K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
6.2K
01:37Neural Regulation
43.0K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
43.0K
01:11Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity
1.6K
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
1.6K
01:31Neurotransmitters
2.5K
Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
2.5K