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健康和肝硬化的人体突变和克隆动态
Simon F Brunner1, Nicola D Roberts1, Luke A Wylie1
1Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Nature
|October 25, 2019
概括
与正常肝脏相比,慢性肝脏疾病显著增加肝细胞的突变负担和结构变异. 这些体质突变跟踪肝病的进展,毒性和再生,为肝细胞癌的发展提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 基因组学
- 肝病学
- 癌症生物学
背景情况:
- 慢性肝病如病毒性肝炎和非酒精性脂肪性肝病可以发展为肝硬化,肝衰竭或肝细胞癌 (HCC).
- 肝细胞癌基因组显示出不同的突变特征,与正常的肝干细胞不同,这表明疾病进展过程中会出现复杂性.
- 了解慢性肝病的基因图表对于破译HCC的途径至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较肝硬化和正常肝脏的突变负担和特征.
- 研究结构变异和驱动突变在慢性肝病进展中的作用.
- 分析克隆结构和微环境对肝硬化体突变的影响.
主要方法:
- 来自5个正常肝脏和9个肝硬化肝脏的482个微切片 (100-500个肝细胞) 的全基因组测序.
- 分析突变负担,结构变异 (包括染色体) 和突变特征.
- 克隆扩张的特征及其在肝硬化组织中的空间分布.
主要成果:
- 肝硬化患者的突变负担高于正常患者.
- 结构变异,如染色体,在肝硬化中很突出,但在正常肝细胞中很少见.
- 在1-5%的克隆中发现了驱动突变;观察到克隆扩张,通常被纤维带隔离.
- 突变特征各不相同:有些特征与非恶性细胞和HCC共同存在,有些特征与HCC富含,而异源特征则表现出患者和部位特异的变异性.
- 同步HCC与肝硬化背景具有相同的特征,但具有更高的突变负担.
结论:
- 肝脏的体质突变作为疾病进展期间暴露,毒性,再生和克隆动态的历史记录.
- 在肝硬化中观察到的基因组变化为肝细胞癌的发展提供了基础.
- 微环境因素显著影响肝硬化的突变特征的活动.
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