人体肠道细菌含有获得的细菌间防御系统
Benjamin D Ross1, Adrian J Verster2, Matthew C Radey1
1Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nature
|November 1, 2019
概括
在肠道细菌中获得的细菌间防御 (AID) 基因集群可以防止毒性蛋白质的攻击. 这些在细菌体中发现的移动基因集群通过中和细菌对抗作用来塑造人类肠道微生物群.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 基因组学
- 人类微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 人类肠道微生物组的组成受微生物相互作用的影响, 不仅仅是饮食或宿主免疫力.
- 肠道中的细菌具有直接对抗的机制,包括类型VI分泌系统 (T6SS).
- T6SS在细菌细胞之间传递有毒效应物, 影响社区结构.
研究的目的:
- 在人类肠道细菌中研究获得的细菌间防御 (AID) 基因集群.
- 了解这些集群在细菌对抗和微生物群生态中的作用.
- 描述特定亚型的结构和功能,与复合酶相关的AID (rAID-1).
主要方法:
- 生物信息分析以识别 Bacteroidales 基因组中的 AID 基因集群.
- 在体外实验中评估AID集群所赋予的毒素耐药性.
- 在体内验证AID功能的Gnotobiotic小鼠模型.
- 对rAID-1基因集群的结构分析.
主要成果:
- 在人类肠道细菌中发现了AID基因集群,编码了免疫基因.
- 证明AID集群对T6SS介导的对抗性产生抗性.
- 在移动元素上证明了AID集群的移动性,使水平基因转移成为可能.
- 鉴定和验证rAID-1亚型,显示广泛分布和活跃基因获取的证据.
结论:
- AID系统中和细菌对抗, 在塑造人类肠道微生物群中发挥关键作用.
- 移动性AID集群有助于肠道环境中的细菌适应和生存.
- 这些发现突显了微生物生态中的抗菌和防御的重要性.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Defense Mechanism Against Infection
9.1K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.1K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
2.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.5K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
1.5K
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
1.5K
Anatomy of the Intestines
86.4K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
86.4K
Surface Membrane Barriers
2.5K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
2.5K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity
8.4K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
8.4K


