经皮球囊主动脉瓣成形术治疗钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄。一种“无根治”的治疗方法?

P W Serruys1, H E Luijten, K J Beatt

  • 1Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

PubMed

25例老年钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄患者,其中男性12例(48%),女性13例(52%),平均年龄74.8 ± 7.6岁,于1986年3月至1987年9月期间接受经皮主动脉球囊瓣膜成形术。22例患者(88%)属于纽约心脏病协会心功能III-IV级,13例(52%)既往有心绞痛病史,7例(28%)曾发生晕厥。所有患者均因高龄或合并其他疾病,被认为不适合或属于主动脉瓣置换术的高风险人群。通过股动脉逆行依次送入直径逐渐增大的球囊(扩张时面积为1.3至3.8 cm²),手动充盈至3–7个大气压,充盈时间持续15至260秒(平均40秒)。扩张后,左心室收缩末期压和舒张末期压均显著下降(P < 0.00001 和 P < 0.01),平均收缩期主动脉瓣跨瓣压差由73 mmHg降至43 mmHg(P < 0.000001),平均收缩期主动脉血流由176 ml·s⁻¹增至208 ml·s⁻¹(P < 0.0001),主动脉瓣口面积由0.47 cm²增至0.72 cm²(P < 0.000001)。主要并发症包括:2例(8%)入院时已处于心源性休克的患者在住院期间死亡;左侧偏瘫(4%);一过性偏盲(8%);出现III级主动脉瓣反流(4%);持续性完全性房室传导阻滞(4%)。穿刺部位并发症见于7例患者(28%),包括2例股动脉假性动脉瘤,以及1例因球囊破裂需手术取出残留碎片。在后续8例使用16.5 French、100 cm长动脉鞘的手术中,未观察到局部出血性并发症。平均随访时间为13.0 ± 5.0个月,14例患者(56%)仍保持显著的功能改善,3例患者(12%)术前症状无明显变化,5例患者(20%)在成功行瓣膜成形术后因症状复发(晚期瓣膜再狭窄)需接受外科治疗。经皮主动脉球囊瓣膜成形术可作为老年钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄患者的姑息治疗手段。然而,鉴于其即刻风险较高、血流动力学改善效果有限,以及中期随访中可能出现瓣膜再狭窄,该技术应仅限于手术风险高的患者使用。

相关概念视频

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
535
Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
598
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
655
Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
478