卡斯帕斯-8是细胞亡,死细胞亡和热细胞亡的分子开关
Melanie Fritsch1, Saskia D Günther1, Robin Schwarzer2
1Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (IMMIH), CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Nature
|November 22, 2019
概括
在小鼠中,非活跃的caspase-8 (CASP8 ((C362S)) 通过诱导亡和亡导致胚胎死亡. 阻断亡意外导致后期死亡,揭示了caspase-8在预防组织损伤中的作用.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学
- 免疫学
- 发育生物学
背景情况:
- 卡斯巴酶8启动了外部亡并抑制了亡.
- 在小鼠中,卡斯巴酶8缺乏导致胚胎死亡,可通过抑制亡途径来挽救.
- 在调节细胞死亡和组织平衡方面,caspase-8的酶活性的确切作用尚不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查酶不活跃的酶-8 (CASP8 ((C362S)) 表达的体内后果.
- 阐明死细胞和炎症酶激活在CASP8 (C362S) 诱导的病理中的不同作用.
- 定义caspase-8的功能作为一个控制亡,亡和亡的分子开关.
主要方法:
- 生产Casp8 ((C362S)) 突变小鼠和复合突变系 (例如Casp8 ((C362S)) Mlkl-/-)
- 对胚胎死亡率,心血管缺陷和肠道炎症表型的分析.
- 评估炎症酶激活,包括ASC斑块形成,卡斯帕酶-1激活和IL-1β分泌.
主要成果:
- 由于内皮细胞亡和心血管缺陷,CASP8的表达导致了胚胎死亡.
- 缺乏MLKL可以挽救心血管缺陷,但会导致围产期死亡,这表明死亡无关死亡.
- 阻断亡会加剧肠道炎症并导致过早死亡,而炎症酶激活 (ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β) 会促进病理.
结论:
- 卡斯帕斯-8 作为一个关键的分子开关,调节细胞亡,死细胞亡和热细胞亡.
- CASP8 ((C362S) 诱导的病理突显了死细胞和炎症酶激活在组织损伤中的相互作用.
- 在胚胎发育和成年时,Caspase-8对于预防组织损伤至关重要.
相关概念视频
Caspases
13.6K
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
13.6K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
7.9K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
7.9K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
8.1K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
8.1K
Apoptosis
13.8K
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
13.8K
Overview of Cell Death
9.2K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
9.2K
Necrosis
6.2K
Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
6.2K


