全球卫星观测的海洋动物的每日垂直迁徙
Michael J Behrenfeld1, Peter Gaube2, Alice Della Penna2,3
1Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. mjb@science.oregonstate.edu.
Nature
|November 29, 2019
概括
海洋动物在水面上进行垂直迁移 (DVM). 卫星激光雷达显示全球DVM模式,
科学领域:
- 海洋生态
- 海洋学
- 生物地质化学
背景情况:
- 垂直迁徙 (DVM) 涉及海洋动物每天垂直移动,在夜间靠近水面食,并在白天撤退到更深的水域.
- 对于海洋碳和营养出口来说,DVM至关重要,但由于采样有限,其全球分布和驱动因素不明.
- 传统的方法,如网拖和声学在空间和时间覆盖范围上有局限性,用于研究DVM.
研究的目的:
- 使用卫星观测来描述DVM动物的全球分布.
- 研究DVM模式,海洋学条件和生态策略之间的关系.
- 评估DVM的时间趋势和生物地化学意义.
主要方法:
- 采用了长达10年的卫星探测器,在夜间探测海洋表面附近DVM动物的光学信号.
- 分析了激光雷达数据以绘制全球DVM分布图并估计DVM生物量.
- 与海洋生产力和水清度数据相关联的DVM模式.
主要成果:
- 在明显的亚热带旋转中,DVM动物形成了较大比例的浮游生物,支持捕食者回避假说.
- 在粮食可用性较高的海洋地区,DVM总生物量较高.
- 一个10年的卫星记录显示了DVM生物质的显著时间趋势及其与表面生产力的相关性.
结论:
- 卫星激光雷达为DVM活动提供了全新的全球视角,克服了先前方法的局限性.
- 海洋管理策略受到不同海洋地区的掠食者压力和食物供应的影响.
- 这些发现提高了我们对DVM在海洋生物地化学循环中的作用的理解,并为改进量化提供了基础.
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