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相关概念视频

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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相关实验视频

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Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
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Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration

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聚合诱导的聚合体融合

Spyridon Varlas1, Robert Keogh1, Yujie Xie1,2

  • 1School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 30, 2019
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

人工聚合物自发融合,在没有外力的情况下形成管状结构,由聚合驱动. 这种聚合诱导的聚合体融合可以控制纳米粒子的形状和组成,用于药物输送和催化.

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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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科学领域:

  • 聚合物化学
  • 材料科学
  • 生物物理

背景情况:

  • 膜融合和分裂对于细胞间的交流至关重要.
  • 人工聚合物通常需要外部力场进行融合.
  • 了解自组装机制是先进纳米材料的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 在没有外力的情况下实现聚合促进的管状聚合体 (管体).
  • 探索聚合诱导的聚合体融合的机制.
  • 为了证明对管体形态和组成的控制.

主要方法:

  • 水性环开放转化聚合诱导的自组合 (ROMPISA).
  • 不同的核心块聚合度 (DPs).
  • 福斯特共振能量转移 (FRET) 和共聚焦显微镜用于核聚变确认.

主要成果:

  • 在ROMPISA过程中自发形成异型管体.
  • 通过调整DP来控制管体的组成和长度分布.
  • 通过阶段生长动力学,FRET膜混合和光线混合的融合证据.

结论:

  • 聚合诱导的聚合体融合是一种由不断增长的聚合物链张力驱动的新机制.
  • 这种方法提供了可复制,可调的球形和管状聚合物混合物的简单途径.
  • 在催化,贩运和药物输送中的潜在应用,由于受控的形态和隔间混合.