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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
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Published on: February 5, 2018

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非振动人体甘氨酸的总化学合成

Mohammed Akhter Hossain, Ryo Okamoto1, John A Karas

  • 1Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 Japan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 19, 2019
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了一种新型的胰岛素化学糖化方法,产生稳定,非振动的胰岛素. 这种改进的胰岛素配方显示出治疗糖尿病的潜力,特别是在胰岛素中.

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High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles

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High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension

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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
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Dehydration Synthesis01:15

Dehydration Synthesis

Overview
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
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