肠道神经系统衍生的IL-18管弦膜屏障免疫
Abigail Jarret1, Ruaidhrí Jackson1, Coco Duizer1
1Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Cell
|January 11, 2020
概括
肠道神经系统通过IL-18调节抗菌蛋白,这对肠道免疫至关重要. 来自神经元的IL-18对于对抗侵入性细菌感染和维持粘膜屏障功能至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 神经科学
- 微生物学
背景情况:
- 粘膜免疫维持肠道微生物群,并防止感染.
- 免疫和上皮细胞传统上被视为肠道免疫的关键调节者.
- 肠道神经系统 (ENS) 在粘膜免疫中的作用不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究 ENS 在粘膜免疫中的作用.
- 确定肠道神经元是否有助于抗菌蛋白 (AMP) 的反应.
- 阐明肠道神经系统控制肠道屏障的机制.
主要方法:
- 聚焦显微镜和单分子光 in situ mRNA杂交 (smFISH) 检测肠道神经元中的IL-18.
- 特别是肠道神经元,免疫细胞或上皮细胞中的IL-18的遗传删除.
- 感染沙门氏菌 (S.t.) 的研究 在基因改造小鼠中.
- 无偏见的RNA测序和单细胞测序用于分析分子途径.
主要成果:
- 肠道神经元被确定为IL-18的来源.
- 从肠道神经元中删除IL-18的小鼠 (但不是其他细胞类型) 变得易受S. 这是一个感染.
- 发现肠神经IL-18对玻璃杯细胞的恒常AMP产生至关重要.
- 由神经元衍生的IL-18信号被证明可以控制整个组织的肠道免疫力.
结论:
- 肠神经系统在粘膜免疫中起着不可或缺的作用.
- 肠神经IL-18是抗菌反应和粘膜屏障完整性的关键调节剂.
- 针对来自神经元的IL-18信号可能为治疗侵袭性细菌感染提供新的策略.
相关概念视频
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health
800
The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
800
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach
2.0K
The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
2.0K
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
3.1K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
3.1K
Nerve Supply of the GI Tract
3.2K
The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
3.2K
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity
1.6K
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
1.6K
T Cell Types and Functions
2.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.0K


