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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

2.7K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
2.7K

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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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三级淋巴体结构改善黑色素瘤的免疫治疗和存活率

Rita Cabrita1, Martin Lauss1, Adriana Sanna1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

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概括

黑色素瘤中CD8+ T细胞和CD20+ B细胞的存在与患者更好的存活率有关. 这些细胞形成三级淋巴体结构,增强抗瘤免疫反应,建议新的免疫治疗策略.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学
  • 癌症学
  • 癌症研究

背景情况:

  • 检查点阻断疗法通过重新激活与瘤相关的T细胞来治疗晚期癌症.
  • 虽然T细胞已得到充分研究,但其他免疫细胞 (如B细胞) 在抗癌免疫中的作用尚不清楚.
  • 免疫治疗反应的预测生物标志物通常集中在T细胞活性,瘤突变负担和肠道微生物群上.

研究的目的:

  • 研究B细胞在转移性黑色素瘤中的抗瘤免疫反应中的作用.
  • 确定特定免疫细胞的同时出现是否与患者的存活率有所改善.
  • 探索瘤微环境中的三级淋巴体结构的形成和功能.

主要方法:

  • 对转移性黑色素瘤患者的临床样本进行分析.
  • 免疫光染色以识别CD8+ T细胞,CD20+ B细胞,CXCR5和CXCL13.
  • 基因表达特征以获得与三级淋巴体结构相关的特征.
  • 数字空间分析以评估具有和没有三级淋巴细胞结构的瘤中的T细胞表型.

主要成果:

  • 与瘤相关的CD8+ T细胞和CD20+ B细胞的同时出现与转移性黑色素瘤患者的生存率有显著的相关性.
  • 在这些瘤中发现了三级淋巴体结构,其特征是存在CD8+ T细胞和CD20+ B细胞.
  • 一个与三级淋巴细胞结构相关的基因特征预测了接受免疫检查点阻塞的患者的临床结果.
  • 富含B细胞的瘤表现出TCF7+原始/记忆T细胞的增加,而缺乏三级淋巴细胞结构的瘤中的T细胞表现出功能障碍的表型.

结论:

  • 三级淋巴体结构通过影响T细胞表型,在黑色素瘤免疫微环境中起着至关重要的作用.
  • B细胞的存在和三级淋巴体结构的形成与更有利的抗瘤免疫反应有关.
  • 针对三级淋巴体结构的诱导可能是增强癌症免疫疗法的潜在治疗策略.