全球范围的人类对三角洲形态的影响导致净土地面积增加
J H Nienhuis1,2,3,4, A D Ashton5, D A Edmonds6
1Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.h.nienhuis@uu.nl.
Nature
|January 24, 2020
概括
全球三角洲因森林砍伐等人类活动而增加土地, 未来的海平面上升将威胁到这些收获,强调需要了解沉积物的动态.
科学领域:
- 地球与环境科学
- 地形学
- 沿海科学
背景情况:
- 河流三角洲是重要的经济和生态系统.
- 由于沉积物供应的减少和气候变化,三角洲面临越来越多的沿海风险.
- 沉积物预算,海洋力量和三角洲形态之间的相互作用尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 量化河和森林砍伐对全球三角洲形态的影响.
- 模拟波浪,潮流和河流主导影响的三角洲形态连续性.
- 评估三角洲最近的土地面积变化和特征驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 全球大约11000个沿海三角洲的形态分析.
- 根据波浪,潮和河流的影响来分类三角洲形态的模型.
- 过去30年土地面积变化的量化和人类活动的归因.
主要成果:
- 在波浪 (80%),潮 (10%) 和河流 (10%) 主导的连续性中,三角洲形态有所不同.
- 在全球范围内,三角洲的土地面积在30年内增加了54±12公里/年,其中25%归因于森林砍伐.
- 河造成约1000个三角洲的沉积物流量减少了50%以上,导致集体土地损失为12±3.5公里/年.
结论:
- 人类活动显著影响三角洲土地面积的变化,森林砍伐带来增长,水造成损失.
- 虽然目前一些三角洲由于过渡性主导地位而增加了土地,但海平面上升的速度对未来的土地稳定性构成威胁.
- 了解海浪和潮的沉积物再分配对于预测人类驱动的三角洲变化至关重要.
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