宿主特异性的进化和传播动态影响了人类皮肤中的葡萄球菌表皮的功能多样化
Wei Zhou1, Michelle Spoto1, Rachel Hardy1
1The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, USA.
Cell
|February 1, 2020
概括
个体内的细菌多样性是微生物健康和感染风险的关键. 史塔菲洛科克表皮菌在皮肤上发展出多种血统,导致基因共享和抗生素耐药性在体内扩散.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 基因组学
- 人类微生物组研究
背景情况:
- 转基因学研究通常假定个体内存在单一的主导细菌类型.
- 了解宿主微生物多样性对于微生物群的稳态和感染风险至关重要.
- 史塔菲洛科克 (Staphylococcus epidermidis) 是一种关键的皮肤微生物,
研究的目的:
- 调查斯塔菲洛科克 (Staphylococcus epidermidis) 在个体中的进化轨迹和功能分布.
- 为了确定单一的创始人血统或多个血统殖民皮肤.
- 探索个体内进化对微生物功能和相互作用的影响.
主要方法:
- 分析了5个健康个体的1482个葡萄球菌表皮基因组.
- 进化动态的特征,包括传播,选择和水平基因转移.
- 试验验证混合物对毒性和新陈代谢的影响.
- 评估物种间微生物群相互作用及其对遗传多样性的影响.
主要成果:
- 在皮肤上形成多个创始血统,而不是单个殖民者.
- 在个体内传播,选择和横向基因转移导致群体混合.
- 抗生素耐药性基因通过移动遗传元素在个体内传播.
- 微生物添加剂可以调节细菌的毒性和代谢能力.
结论:
- 个体内细菌群的多样性对于维持健康的微生物群和影响感染风险至关重要.
- 斯塔菲洛科克表皮菌的进化涉及多种血统和宿主内的显著基因交换.
- 微生物组内的物种间相互作用在塑造微生物遗传多样性和功能方面发挥着作用.
相关概念视频
Transduction
1.0K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
1.0K
Skin Diseases and Disorders
5.1K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
5.1K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
2.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.5K
Mismatch Repair
43.4K
Overview
43.4K
Modern Molecular Taxonomy
513
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
513
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.9K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.9K


