与可能来自蝙蝠的新型冠状病毒相关的肺炎疫情
Peng Zhou1, Xing-Lou Yang1, Xian-Guang Wang2
1CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Nature
|February 5, 2020
概括
一种新的冠状病毒,2019-nCoV在武汉引起了严重急性呼吸系统综合征 (SARS) 疫情. 这种病毒与蝙蝠中发现的与SARS相关的冠状病毒 (SARSr-CoV) 密切相关,并使用相同的细胞进入受体.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 流行病学
- 基因组学
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸系统综合征 (SARS) 爆发与蝙蝠冠状病毒有关.
- 之前的研究表明一些蝙蝠SARS相关的冠状病毒 (SARSr-CoVs) 对人类的潜在感染性.
研究的目的:
- 鉴定和鉴定新型冠状病毒 (2019-nCoV) 导致中国武汉的人类呼吸系统综合征疫情.
- 研究2019-nCoV与已知的冠状病毒及其细胞进入机制的基因组关系.
主要方法:
- 从患者样本中对2019-nCoV的全基因组测序.
- 与SARS-CoV和蝙蝠冠状病毒进行基因组比较分析.
- 对保存的非结构蛋白域进行分析.
- 细胞进入受体的识别.
主要成果:
- 截至2020年1月26日,该流行病涉及2794例确诊感染和80例死亡.
- 在整个基因组层面上,2019-nCoV与SARS-CoV共享79.6%的序列特征,与蝙蝠冠状病毒共享96%.
- 蛋白质序列分析证实2019-nCoV属于SARSr-CoV物种.
- 这种病毒利用血管激素转化酶II (ACE2) 作为细胞进入受体,类似于SARS-CoV.
- 患者血清表现出对病毒的中和能力.
结论:
- 2019-nCoV 是一种与蝙蝠冠状病毒具有显著基因组相似性的新型SARSr-CoV.
- 病毒使用ACE2进入细胞的能力是其致病的一个关键因素.
- 了解2019-nCoV的起源和特征对于管理正在进行的流行病至关重要.
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