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相关概念视频

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
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Neural Regulation01:37

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Updated: Dec 29, 2025

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
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微生物群的神经编程调节肠道生理

Yuuki Obata1, Álvaro Castaño2, Stefan Boeing2

  • 1The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. Yuuki.Obata@crick.ac.uk.

Nature
|February 7, 2020
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

基碳水化合物受体 (AHR) 作为肠道神经元中的传感器,将微生物信号与肠道运动联系起来. 这一发现揭示了维持消化健康和平衡的关键机制.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学
  • 胃肠病学
  • 分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 神经对内脏器官的控制对健康至关重要, 肠周位对消化和防御至关重要.
  • 在胃肠道疾病中,肠道运动失调是常见的,但将光因子与神经控制联系在一起的分子机制尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 研究基碳水化合物受体 (AHR) 作为肠道微生物群和肠道神经回路之间的分子联系的作用.
  • 阐明肠道神经元中的AHR信号如何影响肠道运动和平衡.

主要方法:

  • 来自不同肠道部分和微生物群的小鼠肠道神经元的核RNA测序.
  • 在小鼠模型中对AHR及其调节剂CYP1A1进行基因操纵.
  • 对AHR调节和抗生素治疗的肠道周围活动的评估.

主要成果:

  • 结肠中的肠神经元表现出独特的转录特征,受宿主遗传和微生物殖民的影响.
  • 在远端肠道神经元中微生物诱导的AHR表达使它们能够感知光环境并激活效应机制.
  • 神经元特异性AHR删除或CYP1A1过度表达减少了结肠周立体,模仿了微生物群枯竭的状态.
  • 在接受抗生素治疗的小鼠中恢复肠部神经元的AHR表达.

结论:

  • 基碳水化合物受体 (AHR) 作为肠道神经回路中的关键生物传感器,将微生物信号与肠道功能相结合.
  • 肠道神经元中的AHR信号是维持肠道平衡和运动的关键调节节点.
  • 针对AHR途径可能为特征是运动功能障碍的胃肠道疾病提供治疗策略.