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相关概念视频

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

490
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

281
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
281
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

481
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
481
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

124
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
124
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

243
Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
243
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

217
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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    科学领域:

    • 全球卫生流行病学
    • 肝脏病学
    • 公共卫生政策

    背景情况:

    • 在全球范围内,慢性病 (CKD) 的发病率和死亡率数据很少.
    • 准确的流行病学对于卫生系统规划和疾病管理至关重要.
    • 2017年全球疾病,伤害和风险因素研究需要估计.

    研究的目的:

    • 估计全球,区域和国家CKD负担.
    • 量化心血管疾病和因功能受损而产生的痛风的负担.
    • 为卫生政策决策提供数据,特别是在社会人口指数 (SDI) 较低和中等的地区.

    主要方法:

    • 使用已出版的文献,重要登记系统,末期病登记,以及家庭调查.
    • 使用死亡原因组合模型和贝叶斯元回归来估计CKD负担.
    • 应用比较风险评估来确定与功能障碍相关的心血管疾病和痛风的比例.

    主要成果:

    • 2017年,有120万人死于CKD,自1990年以来,所有年龄段的死亡率都增加了41.5%.
    • 全球CKD患病率在2017年为9.1%,自1990年以来,所有年龄段的患病率增加了29.3%.
    • 功能受损导致140万例心血管疾病死亡和2530万例心血管疾病DALY.

    结论:

    • 慢性瘤对全球健康构成重大挑战,直接影响发病率和死亡率,也是心血管疾病的风险因素.
    • 慢性病在很大程度上是可以预防和治疗的,因此需要在全球卫生政策中更加关注.
    • 慢性结核病的负担不成比例地集中在SDI较低的地区和某些地理区域,如大洋洲和撒哈拉以南非洲.