微生物组的全球化学影响包括新的胆酸结合
Robert A Quinn1,2, Alexey V Melnik1, Alison Vrbanac3
1Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nature
|February 28, 2020
概括
微生物组显著改变了所有器官中的哺乳动物化学成分,揭示了新的胆酸结合物. 这些化合物在人体中存在,与某些疾病有关,影响胆酸合成途径.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 代谢学
- 生物化学
背景情况:
- 人类微生物组包括超过4万个操作分类单元,影响宿主健康和疾病.
- 微生物组衍生分子显著影响宿主生理,但它们对整体动物化学的影响还未得到充分研究.
- 胆酸的化学成分已被广泛研究,但对其特定结合物的微生物影响仍然基本不明.
研究的目的:
- 通过比较代谢学来评估微生物组对哺乳动物化学的影响.
- 确定新的宿主微生物组化学相互作用.
- 研究新特征的胆酸结合物在宿主生理和疾病中的作用.
主要方法:
- 对无细菌和无特定病原体的小鼠进行比较的代谢分析.
- 质谱信息学和化学分析的数据可视化.
- 在体外测定 (Farnesoid X受体激应) 和体内研究 (基因表达分析).
主要成果:
- 微生物群显著影响哺乳动物所有器官的化学成分.
- 鉴定出新的胆汁酸结合物,烯醇酸,醇酸和白醇酸.
- 这些结合物在人体中被发现,在炎症性肠病和囊性纤维化患者中得到了增强.
- 这些已识别的化合物在体外激活了farnesoid X受体,并在体内减少了胆酸合成基因表达.
结论:
- 肠道微生物群对宿主的新陈代谢有很大影响,包括新的胆酸结合途径.
- 新发现的胆酸结合物可能起到生理作用,并与特定的人类疾病有关.
- 需要进一步的研究来证实这些受微生物影响的化合物的生理相关性和疾病贡献.
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