一个保存的树突细胞调节程序限制了抗瘤免疫力
Barbara Maier1,2,3, Andrew M Leader1,2,3, Steven T Chen1,2,3
1The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|April 10, 2020
概括
研究人员发现一种新型树突细胞 (DC) 阻碍抗癌免疫疗法. 在这些成熟的免疫调节分子 (mregDCs) 中阻断特定的信号通路恢复了抗瘤免疫力并减少了瘤生长.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 癌症生物学
- 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 检查点封锁疗法已经彻底改变了癌症治疗,
- 传统的1型树突细胞 (DC1s) 对于启动CD8+T细胞反应至关重要,并且与更好的癌症存活率有关.
- 在抗检点阻塞的瘤中存在DC1s表明这些病变的DC功能发生了变化.
研究的目的:
- 调查瘤中树突细胞 (DC) 的功能状态,这些瘤抵抗检查点阻塞.
- 识别新的DC子集及其在调节抗瘤免疫力的作用.
- 发现癌症中DC功能障碍背后的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 在人类和小鼠非小细胞肺癌样本中使用单细胞RNA测序.
- 一个新发现的DC子集的特征,称为"在免疫调节分子中丰富的成熟DCs" (mregDCs).
- 与免疫调节和成熟相关的基因表达分析,包括Cd274,Pdcd1lg2,Cd200,Cd40,Ccr7和Il12b.
主要成果:
- 发现了一种新的DC子组,mregDCs,共同表达免疫调节和成熟基因.
- 在传统的DC1和DC2中,mregDC程序是在瘤抗原吸收时被诱导的.
- 在mregDCs中,编程死亡配体1的上调依赖于AXL,而IL-12的产生则受到IL-4信号的负调节.
- 阻断IL-4增强了mregDC1s的IL-12产生,增加了效应T细胞,并减少了瘤负担.
结论:
- 一个与瘤抗原吸收相关的调节模块损害了癌症中的DC1功能.
- 针对mregDCs中的IL-4信号通路可以恢复抗瘤免疫力.
- 这些发现为提高癌症免疫疗法的有效性提供了潜在的新策略.
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