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相关概念视频

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

42.9K
Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
42.9K
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

2.2K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.2K
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

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Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
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The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
6.7K
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

47.5K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Gustation01:43

Gustation

51.6K
Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation
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肠-大脑轴介导糖的偏好

Hwei-Ee Tan1,2, Alexander C Sisti1,3, Hao Jin1,3

  • 1Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Nature
|April 24, 2020
PubMed
概括

一个新发现的肠道到大脑的通道解释了糖的偏好. 在摄入糖后, 阴道和脑干中的神经元会被激活,

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学
  • 胃肠病学
  • 感官感知

背景情况:

  • 喜欢糖是一种基本的行为,即使没有甜味受体.
  • 糖偏好背后的神经机制,特别是那些独立于口味的机制,仍然不完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 研究糖偏好的神经基础.
  • 找出涉及糖偏好的肠-大脑轴路径.
  • 为了区分神经对糖和人工甜味剂的反应.

主要方法:

  • 使用功能成像来监测肠-大脑轴活动对肠道葡萄糖的反应.
  • 在肠道中被葡萄糖激活的特定的神经元.
  • 在小鼠的肠-脑电路中对神经元活动进行了基因沉默.
  • 使用化基激活来操纵电路活动和评估行为偏好.

主要成果:

  • 通过摄入糖而不是人工甜味剂来激活特定群体的阴道和脑干神经元.
  • 已经证明, 关闭肠道至大脑的电路可以阻止小鼠对糖的偏好.
  • 证实激活这个电路可以诱导对通常不太喜欢的物质的偏好.

结论:

  • 发现一个关键的肠道到大脑的糖感应通路,
  • 提供了与人工甜味剂相比糖的独特行为效应的神经解释.
  • 发现了一个关键的神经回路,