肝 NADH 减少压力是代谢特征的常见变异的基础
Russell P Goodman1,2, Andrew L Markhard1, Hardik Shah1
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|May 29, 2020
概括
通过使用细菌酶降低小鼠的细胞NADH/NAD+比率,发现阿尔法-基酸盐是减小压力的标志物. 这种压力将遗传变异与胰岛素抵抗等代谢疾病联系起来.
科学领域:
- 生物化学
- 代谢生理学
- 线粒体生物学
背景情况:
- 细胞NADH/NAD+比在生物化学中至关重要,但其在活体代谢生理学中的作用尚不清楚.
- 肝细胞中NADH/NAD+比率升高,称为减少性压力,与代谢功能障碍有关.
- 循环中的α- 酸与人类的葡萄糖耐受性,胰岛素耐药性和线粒体疾病有关.
研究的目的:
- 研究直接降低肝细胞 NADH/NAD+ 的体内代谢后果.
- 使用一种新型遗传工具,即Lactobacillus brevis (Lb) NOX,用于评估减少压力.
- 探索降低NADH压力的因果作用,以调解基因变异对代谢特征的影响.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠体内应用Lactobacillus brevis (Lb) NOX,一种细菌形成水的NADH氧化酶.
- 将代谢学与分析代谢变化的遗传工具相结合.
- 评估循环中的代谢物,葡萄糖耐受性和激素水平 (例如FGF21).
主要成果:
- 循环中的α- 基酸盐水平被确定为肝细胞中 NADH/ NAD+比率升高的强有力的标志物 (减小压力).
- LbNOX的应用表明,NADH的减小压力会因果调解GCKR基因变异对代谢特征的影响.
- 影响的主要代谢特征包括循环中的甘油三水平,葡萄糖耐受性和FGF21水平.
结论:
- 肝脏NADH/NAD+比率升高是一个重要的代谢参数,受人类遗传变异的影响.
- 降低NADH的压力在关键的代谢特征和疾病中起着因果作用,包括胰岛素抵抗和脂质失调.
- 像LbNOX这样的遗传工具对于研究"因果代谢"和理解代谢疾病机制是有价值的.
相关概念视频
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂
15.9K
The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
15.9K
Regulation of Metabolism
11.2K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
11.2K
Human Genetics
1.3K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.3K
Redox Reactions
742
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
742
Overview of Lipid Metabolism
4.4K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
4.4K
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation
2.6K
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
2.6K


