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相关概念视频

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

3.7K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

2.1K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
2.1K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
13.7K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

14.4K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
14.4K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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相关实验视频

Updated: May 2, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
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在Peyer补丁生长中心中选择BCR和亲和成熟

Huan Chen1,2,3, Yuxiang Zhang1,2,3, Adam Yongxin Ye1,2,3

  • 1Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature
|June 6, 2020
PubMed
概括

肠道微生物群影响小鼠皮耶尔贴片中的B细胞受体,选择对细菌糖有反应的特定抗体克隆类型. 这项研究揭示了持续的肠道抗原如何驱动慢性生殖中心反应和抗体亲和力成熟.

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 2, 2026

Unraveling Key Players of Humoral Immunity: Advanced and Optimized Lymphocyte Isolation Protocol from Murine Peyer's Patches
08:25

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Published on: November 21, 2018

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
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科学领域:

  • 免疫学
  • 微生物学
  • 遗传学

背景情况:

  • B细胞受体 (BCR) 和抗体对于免疫反应至关重要,它们的多样性是由V(D) J重组产生的.
  • 生殖中心 (GCs) 是B细胞成熟的地点,但Peyer补丁 (PPs) 中的慢性GCs及其BCR库存仍然不明.
  • 肠道微生物群显著影响肠道免疫力,包括PP的发展.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明小鼠PPGC中的生理BCR和体质突变模式.
  • 研究肠道微生物群在PP中塑造BCR的作用.
  • 了解慢性PPGC的选择机制和亲和力成熟过程.

主要方法:

  • 高通量测序以分析小鼠PPGC中的V(D) J段使用情况和体质突变特征.
  • 在具有或没有特定肠道微生物群的小鼠中对BCR资料进行比较分析.
  • 从没有特定病原体的小鼠转移到没有细菌的小鼠.

主要成果:

  • 鼠标PPGC扩展公开BCR克隆类型与正规CDR3,由于V(D) J重组的交叉偏差而经常观察到.
  • 一些公共克隆类型依赖于微生物群,并编码对细菌甘氨酸有反应的抗体,而另一些则是独立的.
  • 便转移恢复了依赖细菌的克隆类型,直接涉及肠道微生物群的BCR选择. 反复发生的体质突变表明PPGC的亲和力成熟.

结论:

  • 持续的肠道抗原选择复发的BCR克隆类型,播种慢性PPGC反应.
  • 肠道微生物群在培尔补丁中的BCR和免疫反应中发挥着关键作用.
  • 在同位素条件下,由抗原选择驱动的鼠标PPGC发生亲和性成熟.