由肠道细菌产生的神经递质调节宿主的感官行为
Michael P O'Donnell1, Bennett W Fox2, Pin-Hao Chao3
1Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA. mikeod@brandeis.edu.
Nature
|June 20, 2020
概括
肠道细菌产生胺, 这是一种影响宿主行为的神经调节剂. 这种细菌分子劫持宿主的感官决策, 促进虫和微生物的健康.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 神经科学
- 动物的行为
背景情况:
- 微生物与宿主形成复杂的社区,影响生理学.
- 一些细菌产生神经递质,可以调节宿主神经系统的活动和行为.
- 微生物群与大脑信号传递的机制和相关性在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 调查微生物群与大脑信号的机制基础.
- 确定细菌神经递质如何影响宿主的感官决策和行为.
- 了解细菌神经调节剂在宿主微生物相互作用中的生理相关性.
主要方法:
- 在Providencia发现了负责胺生物合成的细菌基因.
- 在C. elegans中研究细菌胺转化为胺.
- 分析了宿主八胺信号和OCTR-1受体在调节嗅觉反应中的作用.
- 进行食物选择测定,以评估宿主对生产胺的细菌的偏好.
主要成果:
- 细菌氨酸绕过宿主的氨酸生物合成来操纵宿主的感官决策.
- 细菌氨酸转化为八氨酸,针对 nociceptive神经元上的宿主OCTR-1受体.
- 细菌胺的产生对于调节C. elegans的厌恶嗅觉反应至关重要.
- C. elegans表现出对Providencia细菌的偏好,这取决于细菌胺和宿主胺的信号传递.
结论:
- 细菌的神经递质可以模仿宿主分子来覆盖宿主控制的感觉决策.
- 这种跨王国的交流增强了宿主和殖民微生物的适应性.
- 这项研究揭示了微生物群与大脑之间传递信号的新机制,
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