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在日本与年龄相关的血液形成克隆体中的染色体变化
Chikashi Terao1,2,3, Akari Suzuki4, Yukihide Momozawa5
1Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. chikashi.terao@riken.jp.
Nature
|June 26, 2020
概括
人群特有的基因组差异影响了血液癌症的风险. 衰老会增加造血细胞的突变,在日本和欧洲人群中观察到不同的模式,影响白血病的发生率.
科学领域:
- 基因组学
- 癌症学
- 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 衰老和癌症发生受人口特异性因素的影响.
- 随着年龄的增长,造血克隆的遗传突变很常见,并可能导致血液癌症.
- 了解特定人群的基因组模式对于癌症研究至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查血液细胞中基因组突变和克隆选择的共享和人群特异性模式.
- 为了比较日本和英国生物库的参与者之间的模式.
- 研究这些模式与特定人群的癌症发病率之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 对179,417名日本参与者的33,250个自体马赛克染色体变异进行分析 (BioBank Japan队列).
- 与英国生物库的类似数据进行比较.
- 鉴定导致马赛克染色体变化的遗传变异.
主要成果:
- 在90岁以上的个体中,马赛克染色体变异非常普遍 (超过35.0%).
- 在日本和欧洲的造血克隆之间发现了突变位置的显著差异,与慢性淋巴细胞白血病和T细胞白血病率相关.
- 与欧洲人相比,日本人的特定慢性淋巴细胞白血病前体率较低.
- 在日本和英国人群中观察到不同的B细胞和T细胞系克隆率,预测癌症的发生率.
- 包括NBN,MRE11和CTU2在内的6个新基因被确定为对马赛克染色体变化的倾向.
结论:
- 血液生成克隆的选择性压力由特定种群的因素调节.
- 衰老的造血细胞的基因组差异有助于特定人群的癌症风险.
- 需要进一步的全球基因组研究来了解不同人群中的克隆选择和癌症.
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