人体质结晶体中的化学渐变
Karen A DeRocher1, Paul J M Smeets1, Berit H Goodge2,3
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Nature
|July 3, 2020
概括
牙面膜晶体具有独特的分层结构,具有不同的离子组成. 这一发现为牙形成及其机械弹性提供了新的见解.
科学领域:
- 生物矿物化 生物矿物化
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 牙面膜对于和耐磨性至关重要,容易受到损伤.
- 目前用于修复或合成质的方法由于其复杂的结构而取得的成功有限.
- 了解牙的层次组织是解决其功能障碍的关键.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究牙面膜晶体的原子尺度结构.
- 为了阐明化学梯度在质的机械性质中的作用.
- 提出一个新的模型,用于生物控制在质形成 (质生成) 的过程中.
主要方法:
- 原子尺度的定量成像技术
- 相对光谱镜相对光谱镜.
- 密度函数理论计算密度函数理论计算
- 对X射线衍射数据分析的数据分析.
主要成果:
- 乳的酸晶体具有两个富含的纳米层,围绕着,化物和碳酸盐离子的核心.
- 水晶体内的化学梯度会产生残余应力,导致在酸性条件下优先溶解核心.
- 这些压力可能会影响牙面膜的整体机械弹性.
结论:
- 一个新的,分层的晶石结构挑战了现有的 amelogenesis 模型.
- 这些发现表明了对晶体生长的生物控制的新机制.
- 了解这种结构对牙发育过程中生物标志物的保存有影响.
相关概念视频
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
5.7K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
5.7K
01:18The Bone Matrix
5.3K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
5.3K
01:26What is an Electrochemical Gradient?
125.9K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
125.9K
01:21Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis
5.5K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.5K
01:21Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview
4.1K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell. This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
4.1K
01:21Tooth Anatomy
1.8K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
1.8K